Insight into farmers' agricultural adaptive strategy to climate change in northern Bangladesh, Vulnerability assessments, identity and spatial scale challenges in disaster-risk reduction, Application of Livelihood Vulnerability Index to Assess Risks from Flood Vulnerability and Climate Variability - A case Study in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, Vulnérabilté des moyens de subsistance des ménages agricoles au changement climatique: cas de Boukombe et de Kerou au Bénin, Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmers to Climate Change and Variability: Evidence from Northern Ghana, Belay Simane & Benjamin F. Zaitchik & Jeremy D. Foltz, 2014. PDF. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Download PDF Package. Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) and Livelihood Coping Strategies (LCS) are recognized within the IPC as direct outcome indicators and typically best used to measure the level of acute food insecurity. 101 LEBANON R R AN 2017˜2020 PART II : OPERATIONAL RESPONSE PLANS - Livelihoods LIVELIHOODS SECTOR PEOPLE IN NEED SECTOR OUTCOMES Outcome #1 195.7 m 661,516 65,557 195.7 million 49 Indicators POPULATION BREAKDOWN Local economic development and market systems are stimulated to Partly, this is because these regions have the lowest adaptive capacity due to low socioeconomic development and have economies based on rain-fed agriculture. These assets are both tangible (e.g., land, labour, credit, and livestock) and intangible (e.g., skills, knowledge, social networks). Moreover, households with poor hygiene conditions were also vulnerable to future poverty. The three regions of northern Ghana namely, Northern, Upper East and Upper West were purposively selected for the, study. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) was used to assess the vulnerability of farming households to climate change and variability. the livelihood strategies and the coping mechanisms used by rural households in Abela Lida PA, Shebedino district, Southern Ethiopia. The empirical results revealed that livestock farmers are more vulnerable to climatic extremes in the Nandom district than the Lawra district. 1. vulnerability index, followed by the Upper East and Upper West regions. Livelihood vulnerability index analysis: An approach to study vulnerability in the context of Bihar, Livelihood Vulnerability of Riverine-Island Dwellers in the Face of Natural Disasters in Bangladesh, Households’ Perception and Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change in a Coastal Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Farmers' Vulnerability to Climate Change and Variability: The Case of Janamora District, Northwestern Ethiopia, Households' Livelihood Vulnerability to Climate Change and Climate Variability: A Case Study of the Coastal Zone, The Gambia. Based on a sample of 240 households in the two district, CPHP Livelihood Analysis 1 Index Contents Page Number Acknowledgement 1. From these data LVI of each village was calculated. represented in the vulnerability triangle as shown in Figure 2. The normalization method Vulnerability to climate change and variability has been defined by various authors as the extent to which a syste, of existing opportunities or undertaking measures to deal, northern Ghana and also used relativ, better targeting of future developmental interventions in northern Ghana based on e, the weakness of the approach is that there is some level of. A person's livelihood (derived from life-lode, "way of life"; cf. Conceptually based on the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (Scoones, 1998), the Capabilities and Entitlements approach of Sen (1985) and the Water Poverty Index (Sullivan, 2002), the RWLI is designed to employ existing data to cal-culate values for four key dimensions of the water-related conditions of rural livelihoods, namely: 1. Data on socio-demographics, livelihoods, health, social networks, physical, financial and natural resources, natural disasters and climate variability were collected from a survey of 120 households in each village. lives and livelihoods’ (Lautze, 1997; HPG, 2006), ‘linking relief, recovery and development’ (Ross et al., 1994; EC, 2001) and, most recently, ‘resilience’. On the other hand, illiteracy limits smallholder farmer's access to information especially from written sources, thereby increasingly their susceptibility to climatic stresses, ... On the other hand, utilization of a natural water source is likely to lead to an increase in a household's vulnerability to water borne diseases and water scarcity due to inadequate rainfall. Note: Please see the full reference list of the ar cle, Madhuri, Tewari, H.R. Download Free PDF. A more detailed assessment led by food security Using the Livelihoods as Intimate Government (LIG) approach to identify and understand different vulnerabilities to flooding in a community in southern Zambia, we empirically demonstrate how essentialist framings of identity produce this mismatch. For each AES, an LVI index, adaptive capacity metric, and LVI-IPCC vulnerability score was calculated. Ringler, 2009). The vulnerability triangle indicates that Northern Re. the ecological security index (ESI), the economic efficiency index (EEI), and the social equity index (SEI). © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. The study highlights the critical role of the government regarding education and construction of water resources, among others. Schneider, S.H., Semenov, S., Patwardhan, A., Burton, I., Magadza, C.H.D., Oppenheimer, M., Pittock, A.B. Profit The financial reward the micro-business makes after paying different costs. While sensitivity is the degree to which a system is The quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted to analyze the collected data through an authoritative purposive sampling technique and finally interpreted and discussed. Data were aggregated using a composite index and differential vulnerabilities were compared. This makes it particularly appropriate for analyses at sub-community and community scales. mined by Herfindahl index, and index of livelihood diversification was used to analyse the determinants of income diversification using Tobit regression model. A three-step Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimation procedure was employed to estimate vulnerability to poverty and to model the effect of health status on expected future consumption and variations in future consumption. Reports may be copied freely and cited with due acknowledgment. The ~LSI has the … Coping Strategy Index (rCSI) and Livelihood Coping Strategies (LCS) are recognized within the IPC as direct outcome indicators and typically best used to measure the level of acute food insecurity. Livelihood Status Index: Poverty and Inequality Assessment in Gujarat. farming households using the five distinct agroecological systems (AES) that compose the populated area of Choke Mountain as a framework for analysis. climate impacts, and adaptive capacity differ between communities located within common Furthermore, farming households in Wenchi municipality were more vulnerable in terms of adaptive capacity, taking into account the socio-demographic aspects, social networks, and livelihoods of households in the municipality than those in Techiman municipality. vulnerability. Northern Region is the most vulnerable in terms of the overall livelihood vulnerability index, followed by the Upper East and Upper West regions. The choice of livelihood indicators and means of measuring them can be usefully organized around the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) developed by DFID (Carney, 1998). LIVELIHOOD ANALYSIS In the Rayagada Block of the Gajapati District, Orissa A Joint Effort of Centre for Community Development (CCD) & International Development Enterprises (India) IDEI. Download PDF. However, the focus of most policies in developing regions has been on current welfare to the neglect of forward-looking welfare analysis. Methodology: 90 tribal households (10% of total) on proportionate random sampling basis were selected for the study. Climate change is impacting on climate dependent activities such as agriculture in Africa and Ghana. 1 in 2009’s GDP ranking. Livelihood strategies are often based on a set of assets available and accessible to households. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Mokokchung and Kohima district of Nagaland, the abode of the Ao and the Angami respectively. Climate change is now a major global concern due to extreme weather events that are becoming unforeseeable [1]. We surveyed 200 households in each district to collect data on socio-demographics, livelihoods, social networks, health, food and water security, natural disasters and climate variability. Further, we illustrate a means of operationalising intersectional, situational framings of identity to achieve greater and more productive understandings of hazard vulnerability than available through the application of general determinants of vulnerability to specific places and cases. climate change adaptation and mitigation into, Ghana Nations (2012). The empirical results of the Friedman test indicates that timing of the onset of the rainy season which informed planting, and soil and plant health related strategies are the most important climate related strategies used by smallholder farmers in securing yield. The study was conducted in the year 2013-14. livelihoods to reduce the poverty and vulnerabilities of women in climate change affected areas. Same as above: Adapted from DHS (2006) Introduction 2. This presents a challenge The research study developed the Fishermen Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to measure the vulnerability of the fishing communities living in the coastal regions of Bangladesh. A composite index approach was taken to calculate livelihood vulnerability and qualitative methods to understand how exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity measured by sub-indices produced vulnerability. Objective of the Study 5 5 6 4. The multi-nominal logit model indicated that age, sex, total cultivated area, and perception of climate change have negatively influenced to adopt strategy 2 (use pesticides), while age, family size and perception of climate change have positively influenced the farmers to adopt strategy 5 (use pesticides + take financial loan). It finds that the SLSI based on its simplicity and flexibility, is one of the most comprehensive yet simple indices for measuring long-term livelihood security in rural areas. Livelihood diversification strategies play a key role in development process. Original Research Article Moreover, formal education tends to improve the ability of smallholder farmers to better comprehend issues affecting them and therefore look for possible solutions at the appropriate places. Also, hygienic conditions and health status of households need not be overlooked in poverty reduction strategies. These results Interventions of this type often aim to reduce the structural vulnerability of livelihood systems by focusing on: Interventions of this type often aim to reduce the structural vulnerability of livelihood systems by focusing on: International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975-3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 7, Issue 14, pp.-863-870. When thinking about livelihood outcomes, the aims of a particular group as well as the extent to This index is however limited to measuring vulnerability to drought only. Livelihood outcomes are the achievements or outputs of livelihood strategies, such as more income, increased well-being, reduce vulnerability, improved food security and a more sustainable use of natural resources. Step 2 (repeat for all contributing factors: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation capacity): Economics and Policy Working Paper No. 16. The projects work in sync with government development programmes and facilitate linkages to public services and schemes for the project beneficiaries. An understanding of the complex relationship between health status and welfare is crucial for critical policy interventions. • HDDS and FCS are typically recognized as proxies for food quality … The extent of the impact of climate change in agriculture depends on the level of vulnerability or exposure of farmers to these impacts. (2011) thus: Where: D is the diversity index, S This pragmatic approach may be used to monitor vulnerability, program resources for assistance, and/or evaluate potential program/policy effectiveness in data-scarce regions by introducing scenarios into the LVI model for baseline comparison. Climate change and livelihood vulnerability in Northwest Ghana, Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture in Sri Lanka: A Review and Preliminary Vulnerability Mapping, Health and vulnerability to poverty in Ghana: evidence from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 5, Climate change adaptation and mitigation in food and agriculture sector, SYNTHESIS OF VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS STUDIES, Poverty Assessment in Ghana Using Qualitative and Participatory Research Methods, Mapping the vulnerability of crop production to drought in Ghana using rainfall, yield and socioeconomic data, The Livelihood Vulnerability Index: A pragmatic approach to assessing risks from climate variability and change—A case study in Mozambique, Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. 25. agricultural households in the district of Boukombe and Kérou. This study applied the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) to estimate flood vulnerability of Phu Huu and Ta Danh villages in An Giang province. Sickness increases the vulnerabilit. livelihood options and on how well households are able to handle risks. utilization of water resources. A central notion is that different households have differ-ent access livelihood assets, which the sustainable livelihood approach aims to expand. The LVI analysis was first applied in Mozambique [2], then in other countries: Nepal, Ghana, Trinidad and Tobago, and in other studies345, This study examined the vulnerability of smallholder livestock farmers in North-West Ghana to climate change using data obtained from 200 livestock farmers obtained through the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The sustainable livelihoods framework helps to organize the factors that constrain or enhance livelihood op-portunities and shows how they relate to one another. A short summary … Developing countries were mostly affected due to extreme weather events during 1998 to 2017 [2,3]. Retrieved August 1, 2012 from, http://www.univie.ac.at/geographie/fachdidaktik/FD/site/pdf/nicholls.pdf. adaptive capacity (socio-demographic profile, livelihood strategies, social networks) and (natural disaster) exposure (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 2001), which altogether constitute the essence of the livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) of Hahn, Riederer and Foster (2009). The primary data were based on 150 maize farming households, complemented by secondary data on rainfall and temperature over the period 1983–2013. three contributing factors are combined using equation 6: included as Appendices 1 and 2 of this paper. This tool collects information on food security and livelihoods. These inputs can guide both local-level research and also demonstrate the need for region-specific policies to reduce vulnerability and to enhance drought preparedness within dryland farming communities. This study evaluates new multi-scale, multi-indicator methods for assessing the vulnerability of crop production to drought at a national and regional scale. This study situates vulnerability in the context of natural hazards. The concept of sustainable livelihoods is a composite of many ideas and interests, the coming together of a number of different strands in the development debate. As a result, both the Angami and the Ao were considerably vulnerable (LVI= ‒0.156 and ‒0.120 for the Angami and the Ao respectively). An Giang of the Mekong Delta is one of the most vulnerable provinces to flood and climate variability impacts, and that by annual flood, thousands of households are being at risks due to severe flood. Our results highlight that national and regional scale multi-indicator vulnerability assessments are a vital (and often ignored) first step in assessing vulnerability across a large area. Free PDF. (LVI-IPCC) offers a tool to assess climate vulnerability through direct household surveys. Average Agricultural Livelihood Diversification Index (range: 0.20–1) a: The inverse of (the number of agricultural livelihood activities +1) reported by a household, e.g., A household that farms, raises animals, and collects natural resources will have a Livelihood Diversification Index = 1/(3 + 1) = 0.25. These assets are both tangible (e.g., land, labour, credit, and livestock) and intangible (e.g., skills, knowledge, social networks). Vulnerability is the capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of natural disasters. The income diversification index used in the study area was defined as the inverse of the Herfindahl index as adopted from Idowu et al. found that each of these metrics varied systematically across AES. Current management interventions remain a challenging task for decision makers and less understanding people livelihoods that leads to more vulnerable to flood and poverty. the meteorological data is between 2002 and 2011. the community to be vulnerable, University of Energy and Natural Resources. Observations & Analysis 9 Human Capital 1.2 Livelihood approaches in fragile contexts 8 1.3 Motivation and methodology 9 2 Somalia case study 10 2.1 Context 10 2.2 Resilience pathways and outcomes 11 2.3 Beneficiaries, equity and inclusion 15 2.4 Actors and stakeholders – systems and partnerships 16 2.5 Enabling environment and barriers 17 3 Zimbabwe case study 19 3.1 Context 19 Finally, we propose methodological steps that can improve drought sensitivity and vulnerability assessments in dynamic dryland farming systems where there are multiple drivers of change and thresholds of risk that vary in both space and time. The income diversification index used in the study area was defined as the inverse of the Herfindahl index as adopted from Idowu et al. This paper describes the Sustainable Livelihoods Index (SLI) as a useful tool in assessing the livelihood elements of the rural poor households. Livelihood Status Index: Poverty and Inequality Assessment in Gujarat. Investigative Team 6. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. The policy implication is that practical, timely and reliable information on the onset of the rainy season as well as region specific soil and plant health technologies should be generated and made available to smallholder farmers in northern Ghana to minimise the adverse impacts of climate change. variability should be put in place. Vulnerability Spider Diagram of the Major Components of the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) for Northern Ghana, All figure content in this area was uploaded by John K. M. Kuwornu, All content in this area was uploaded by John K. M. Kuwornu on Aug 26, 2018, Research Officer, CSIR-Savanna Agriculture Research Institute, T, Department of Agricultural Economics & Agribusiness, University of Ghana, Legon, John K. M. Kuwornu (Corresponding Author). The framework has come into widespread use by civic and public sector organizations around the world. SLSI is a composite index having three component indices, i.e. Sample Size & Criteria for Sample Selection 8 9. prior to the fifth round of the Ghana living standards survey. The present study aimed to identify the adopted strategies by the farmers and contributing factors that affected the adaptation strategies in the northern region of Bangladesh. One community/village under each district, dominated by one, Join ResearchGate to discover and stay up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts in, Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. the district of Boukombe and Kérou. Swain (2011). Furthermore, water is usually sourced by women and young girls hence distant water sources increases the time burden of household chores and affects time for care in the case of women, and school attendance in the case of the girl child, ... Vulnerability-based adaptation is taken prior to the impacts of climate change and can minimize the impacts greatly (Adger and Vincent 2005). development). 1.2 Livelihood approaches in fragile contexts 8 1.3 Motivation and methodology 9 2 Somalia case study 10 2.1 Context 10 2.2 Resilience pathways and outcomes 11 2.3 Beneficiaries, equity and inclusion 15 2.4 Actors and stakeholders – systems and partnerships 16 2.5 Enabling environment and barriers 17 3 Zimbabwe case study 19 3.1 Context 19 About IWMI IWMI’s mission is to improve the management of land and water resources for food, livelihoods and the environment. The publications in this series cover a wide range of subjects—from computer modeling to experience with water user associations—and vary in content from directly applicable research to more basic studies, on which applied work ultimately depends. Vulnerability to poverty estimates were also examined against various household characteristics. The approach estimates vulnerabilities in terms of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Six different sub-indices obtained are indicators of Infrastructure Status, Agricultural Status, Nutritional Status, Economic Status, Health and Sanitation Status and Food Availability Status in respective zones. OVERVIEW OF THE COPING STRATEGIES INDEX Introduction The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is an indicator of household food security that is relatively simple and quick to use, straightforward to understand, and correlates well with more complex measures of food security. Even though such practices have been documented in other parts of Africa, information on Ghana and particularly northern Ghana is scanty. Scale up opportunities The process of increasing the micro-business size through expansion or add- This study used both qualitative and quantitative Climate change is adversely affecting smallholder farming households in Africa and in particular in Ghana because their activity depends on climate-regulated water resources. livelihoods emerges from this definition therefore. Formal education tends to improve the ability of smallholder farmers to better comprehend issues, additional strain on household resources thereby reducing their. We OG lib-leit) refers to their "means of securing the basic necessities (food, water, shelter and clothing) of life".Livelihood is defined as a set of activities essential to everyday life that are conducted over one's life span. Measuring the livelihood vulnerability index of a dry region in Indonesia: A case study of three subsistence communities in West Timor. The Livelihood Assessment Tool-kit Analysing and responding to the impact of disasters on the livelihoods of people [First Edition] Published by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome and International Labour Organization (ILO), Geneva April 2009. Farmers have been modifying their practices in order to deal with climate change and variability. lands and low elevation steep lands exhibited relatively low adaptive capacity and high the Upper East Region and this could be attributable to the high rate of o. to better adapt to the effects of climate change and variability. Using an upper poverty line, the estimates of vulnerability show that about 56% of households in Ghana are vulnerable to poverty in the future and this is higher than the currently observed poverty level of about 29%. Within these regions we find considerable differences between districts that can be explained only partly by socioeconomic variables with further community and household-scale research required to explain the causes of differences in vulnerability status. Sustainable Livelihood Analysis (SLA) has since the 1990s become the dominant approach to the implementation of development interventions by a number of major international agencies. It is also more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change on livelihoods, 0.028 against 0.025. East is the most vulnerable region in northern Ghana with resp, Percent of households reporting water confl, Percent of households that utilize a natural w, Inverse of the average number of litres o, Percent of households where head of house, Percent of households with family member w, Percent of households where a family member had to miss work or school in the past, Mean standard deviation of monthly average of average maximu, Source: Computations from field survey, 2011, Figure 1: Vulnerability Spider Diagram of the Major Components, Source: Computations from field survey, 201, sensitivity and adaptation capacity are. social vulnerability to climate change in Ghana. Agroecosystem specific climate vulnerability analysis: application of the livelihood vulnerability index to a tropical highland region, Vulnerability does not just fall from the sky: Toward multi-scale pro-poor climate policy, We're managing! targeted to address the specific circumstances of each AES. This chapter outlines the approach used to develop a simple but information-efficient index known as the Sustainable Livelihood Security Index (SLSI). 55 Sustainability Research Institute Paper No. This indicates that there are distinctions between the measurement system which adopt GDP and livelihood index as the evaluation criteria respectively. Download Full PDF Package. We developed the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to estimate climate change vulnerability in the Mabote and Moma Districts of Mozambique. PDF. The Key Livelihoods Programme Indicators are a standardised list of 22 Outcome Indicators for the livelihoods sector. High elevation sloping Livelihood Analysis Framework 6 5. Livelihood strategies are often based on a set of assets available and accessible to households. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) approach was used to examine the levels of vulnerability. The technique measures the tendency to be poor in future as a result of climatic extremes. Indices being relative values are compared across three regions in Ghana within the study sample only. Results suggest that Moma may be more vulnerable in terms of water resources while Mabote may be more vulnerable in terms of socio-demographic structure. The fishermen livelihood vulnerability assessment was conducted on the impacts of climate variability. • HDDS and FCS are typically recognized as proxies for food quality … We developed the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) to estimate climate change vulnerability in the Mabote and Moma Districts of Mozambique. An Giang province of the Mekong Delta is the most vulnerable province to flood and climate variability impacts. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN: 0975-3710 & E-ISSN: 0975-9107, Volume 7, Issue 14, pp.-863-870. this mountainous environment, we implement LVI-IPCC analysis for 793 mixed croplivestock Although most of the reports are published by IWMI staff and their collaborators, we welcome contributions from others. Pricing index The extent to which a price varies of inputs, commodities, and services over time that impacts the micro-business. Environmental changes, Vulnerability, Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI), South-western coastal Bangladesh. In this regard, the need to improve the literacy levels of farmers by implementing in, The funding for this study was provided by the g, Step 1 (repeat for all sub-component indicator): index, Step 2 (repeat for all major components): SDP. and Impact Assessments for Adaptation to Climate Change, 58pp. The probit model indicated that age, education, the cultivated area in an acre, housing pattern, perception on climate change and meal per day influence the farmers to triggers an adaptive strategy. However, identification of the factors that determine households’ choice of livelihood strategies of pastoralists has received little attention. A total of 57 variables have been considered for this study. The vulnerability to poverty estimates were, however, sensitive to the poverty line used and varied with household characteristics. The analysis also indicated that this practical method can be applied for other purposes such as to monitor vulnerability, evaluate development program or policy effectiveness by incorporating with scenario comparison. Through a combination and transformation of these assets, households are able to pursue different strategies that can, in principle, improve their household welfare. Study Design: Exploratory research design. This definition implicitly considers both (ex-ante) ... and weighted to come up with an overall index called the “resilience score”.’ Radar charts are used to visualize relationships between the … The Coping Strategies Index (CSI) is an indicator of household food security that is relatively simple and quick to use, straightforward to understand, and correlates well with more complex measures of food security. In addition, climate related technologies introduced by research, also categorised into four strategies, and were identified as being used by smallholder farmers in northern Ghana. The paper is based on primary data collected through a household survey, community focus group discussions and key informant interviews in order to identify the adaptation responses of smallholder farmers in northern Ghana to climate change and variability. These are associated with all types of livelihoods interventions and with all their phases (emergency, post-emergency, recovery and development). In serving this mission, IWMI concentrates on the. designed, tested and administered at the household level. Highlands of Ethiopia. PDF | Climate change is ... Northern Region is the most vulnerable in terms of the overall livelihood vulnerability index, followed by the Upper East and Upper West regions. 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